How useful would the fact/opinion distinction be if any statement could count as either one, depending on who hears it? Support your definitions with practical examples. Thats true whether were talking about beliefs that usually show up in the fact column (Theres beer in the refrigerator) or in the opinion column (God created the earth). Question. For of course you know that in all these the doctrine we were just presenting seems admittedly to be refuted, because in them we certainly have false perceptions, and it is by no means true that everything is to each man which appears [ ] to him; on the contrary, nothing is which appears. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Is there a certain connection between Quine and Buridan in their understanding of the distinction between meaning and naming? Neither does it help, at least at first glance, to say that facts are objective (rather than subjective), since at least some statements in the opinion column involve matters that would be true (or false) regardless of what any particular subject believes. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas. A country is producing the maximum amount of education given its fixed amount of resources to produce education. Budget constraint is to the individual, as ________ is to society. upon three different distinctions made between philosophy and rhetoric: (1) the contrast between art ( techn) and rhetoric in the dispute with Gorgias; (2) the emphasis placed upon reliance on one's own beliefs in the section with Polus; and (3) the description of philosophy as unchanging and rhetoric as changing in the section with Callicles. \text{Costs of beginning work In process}&\text{\$\hspace{5pt}18,550}&\text{\$\hspace{10pt}2,280}\\ please answer all the questions! Philosophy Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for those interested in the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. Because our unlimited wants exceed our limited resources. Determine whether the following statement is positive or normative: "The standard of living in the United States should be higher.". It attempts to justify the basic principle of morality. Describe three ways a government policymaker can try to raise the growth in living standards in a society. What are some ways that you could intervene to correct thes. Normative statements: i. describe how the world is. It is not uncommon for people to present an argument as constructive, to render it more compelling for an audience when it already has negative elements. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. It only takes a minute to sign up. Thats not necessarily a bad thing, since as we have seen our common thinking about facts and opinions appears rather confused. Facts are statements that can be shown to be true or can be proved, or something that really happened. Wine G D Bread. C. opportunity cost What are some economic choices that Teasha had to make? If a business's ultimate objective is to make the world better, explain how this could be best achieved ethically. The model that economists use for illustrating the process of individual choice in a situation of scarcity is the budget constraint, sometimes also called the _______________, a diagram which shows what choices are possible. What trends does he find? It is also by no means obvious that Genocide is wrong should remain in the opinion column. Or did they join by choice. As the author said "traditionally", I thought it was much older than that. These definitions have several advantages. Which of the following describes metaethics? Apply act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism in resolving the following moral problem. Opportunity cost is whatever must be given up to obtain something that is desired. How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? total amount that a consumer is willing to pay for a whole pizza, divided by the number of slices. positive statements. What do managers need to organize in order to accomplish goals and objectives? In the study of economics, positive and normative arguments often blend into each other. For example: the statement that thousands were killed in Darfur is descriptive; the statement that such killing was wrong is normative. All of these are Explain the positive and negative externalities in detail. Although a scholarship covers his tuition, books, dormitory and meals, he must budget tightly each week for his school supplies, entertainment, and clothing. The above table shows alternative possible exam outcomes with three alternative uses of the student's time. B. the economy moves from a point inside the production possibilities curve toward a point on the production possibilities curve. Refer to Figure 2-2. can be determined by considering both the benefits that flow from as well as the monetary costs incurred as a result of the action. Do EMC test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT? The recent resurgence of extreme-right movements and the nationalist turn of many governments across the world have reignited the relevance of discussions within educational philosophy about the teaching of national identity in schools. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Given this definition, all beliefs (qua beliefs) are subjective, because beliefs depend on minds. Categorising these issues as matters of opinion doesnt make them any less urgent or vital. From a consequentialist perspective that has allocative efficiency as its objective, is the introduction of a minimum wage ethically justified? describe how the world ought to be. Philosophers distinguish between 2 kinds of " powers": moral powers ( authority, right to order something) which corresponds to potestas in Latin and " physical power" ( ability to do something, or to operate a constraint on somebody else) correspondind in Latin to potentia. tradeoffs. A higher price for a good causes people to want to buy less of that good. Opinion: statement of belief or feeling. Because our unlimited wants exceed our limited resources. In your opi How to choose voltage value of capacitors. Contrarily, positive claims can be put to the test, even if they aren't always true. What current liabilities related to income taxes are on its balance sheet? For example, it is a fact that broccoli is good for you (you can look this up in books about healthy diets). Explain the difference between a positive and negative externality. This diminishment is especially troubling in moral debates. D) are seldom, Analyze the positive versus normative arguments in the following case. Question11Philosophers draw a distinction between positive statements, which describe the world as it is, and _____s, which describe how the world should be.normative statementbudget constrainttrade-offopportunity costQuestion12Philosophers draw a distinction between _____,which describe the world as it is, and normative statements, which describe howthe world should be.negative . If not, share why you believe the problem racial conflict is receiving so much attention today. Analyze the positive versus normative arguments in the following case. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? Ethics emphasizes happiness, justice, human rights, and equality. Such a decision is the presenter's viewpoint; nobody can "confirm" whether or not the comment is true. Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. The defect is found in connection with dreams and diseases, including insanity, and everything else that is said to cause illusions of sight and hearing and the other senses. Describe the difference between ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric management orientations. Explain the distinctions between theorems and precepts. Explain the meaning of each income tax account identified. Does utilitarianism necessarily imply that tax structures should be progressive? Philosophers draw a distinction between _____, which describe the world as it is, and normative statements, which describe how the world should be. Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? Philosophers draw a distinction between ____________, which describe the world as it is, and Philosophers draw a distinction between positive statements, which describe the world as it is, and, which describe how the world should be. iii. \textbf{Equivalent Units of Production}&\textbf{Direct Materials}&\textbf{Conversion}\\[5pt] Unlimited wants and limited resources. In other words, both facts and opinions can be either successful or unsuccessful in representing reality, and thus the fact/opinion distinction is not the same as the belief/reality distinction. Instead, the critics argue that people should be taught to care more deeply about others. Refer to Figure 2-1. So while the subjective/objective distinction might be useful in explaining the fact/opinion distinction, adopting this approach would require us to revise our common thinking about facts and opinions. Are there any drawbacks to these policies? Positive statements A) have been verified by appeal to factual evidence. Refer to Figure 2-2. Use formulas or diagrams that could complete your description. Provide a "real world" example of moral philosophy. Give an example of negative right and positive right that are in conflict. The opportunity cost of scoring an 84 on the history exam rather than 76 is: The combination of approving the new museum and postponing expansion of the airport has been dictated by the citys voters. In the Malthusian economy, virtues are vices and vices are virtues. A. financial capital market B. circular flow diagram C. financial investment market D. Specialization Model 9. Normative statement is often used as if the speaker is living in ideal world. The cost of having a sky marshal on every flight would be roughly $3 billion per year. Is a subjective valuation that can be determined only by the individual who chooses the action. depend on people's values and cannot be tested. Give an example of a positive statement and an example of a normative statement that somehow relates to your daily life. Sources of this are opinion pieces in magazines or on other outlets. maximum amount that a consumer is willing to pay for the slice. What is the difference between a positive and a normative statement? Generally, we strive to make our beliefs as accurate as possible in representing reality, but that doesnt remove the gap (some would say gulf) between the two. Either we send troops to Syria or we dont. Explain the concept of opportunity cost and illustrate with an example. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? It's also a measurement of the degree of force. Identify the negative aspects. and those with subjective content (opinions?). Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Sunk costs, which are costs that were incurred in the past and cannot be recovered. For example, whether or not God created the earth is an objective matter, albeit a controversial and difficult-to-prove one. In order to pay for it, she stopped her gym membership. Is there a philosophical basis for the conflation of the cultural left and the economic/fiscal left? The slope of the _________________ is determined by the relative price of the two goods, which is calculated by taking the price of one good and dividing it by the price of the other good. If it happened, it happened whether anyone believes it or not. The lesson of __________ is to forget about the money thats irretrievably gone and instead to focus on the marginal costs and benefits of future options. normative statements, how you can ensure that corruption does not become part of your business, Is racial tension a recent problem, or have racial conflicts existed in previous centuries? Explain the difference between positive and normative statements with examples. Economists offer several answers to this concern. Explain in detail. Philosophers might be tempted to draw this contrast by identifying facts as states of affairs - occurrences that are there in the world regardless of what anyone may think about them - and identifying opinions as beliefs (or some other mental state) about states of affairs. The money he spent is a sunk cost and unless the theater manager is feeling kindly, Edgar won't get a refund. An economist whose beliefs allow him to claim that we ought to provide more help to the needy will compete with one whose ideals contribute to a determination that we ought not. C. It attempts. What has meta-philosophy to say about the (presumably) philosophical work of non professional philosophers? When describing different types of theories, views, or claims, normative is sometimes contrasted with descriptive or explanatory. What term is used to describe statements that describe the world as it is? In calling something an opinion, one presumably wants to contrast it with something that is not an opinion, and the obvious candidate for the contrast class is fact. C. the production possibilities frontier shifts outward due to an improvement in technology. When the economy moves from Point A to Point B in the diagram above: A. the economy begins using its resources efficiently to produce both food and clothing. When debating ethics and other controversial topics, one frequently hears the claim Thats just your opinion. It is a pernicious claim, devoid of clear meaning, and it should be consigned to the flames or so I shall argue here. the client received a first benefit check of $110. Philosophers draw a distinction between _____, which describe the world as it is, and normative statements, which describe how the world - 5792442 soqinasep3684 soqinasep3684 10/04/2017 Heraclitus did write about the potentially deceptive features of perception as well (around 500 B.C.). A. efficiency B. law of diminishing marginal utility C. positive statements D. compound interest, According to non-essentialists, there is no distinction between positive ("what is") and normative ("what should be"). Question: 7. Determine whether the following statement is positive or normative: "The introduction of a ban on smoking in public places is a good thing because smoking is anti-social.". Its a way of diminishing a claim, reducing it to a mere matter of taste which lies beyond dispute. Consider the following statement: "Society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs." Perhaps more confusing is its labelling opinions as statement(s) of belief. As weve been using the terms, all statements express beliefs, and our task is to determine which of them express factual beliefs and which express opinions. How does this argument work? choosing to spend one more hour studying economics because you think the improvement in your score on the next quiz will be worth the sacrifice of time. How does each explain how society works? Is it reasonable to expect th. A. negative statements B. positive statements C. tradeoffs D. utilitarianism B. positive statements Marginal thinking is best demonstrated by: It is possible the customer will win. Within analytical philosophy, some philosophers take logic as their model, and others emphasize ordinary language. 4B- A risky business (swka z tej czci dzi, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Claudia Bienias Gilbertson, Debra Gentene, Mark W Lehman. In the debate about whether the central bank should aim for zero inflation, which areas of disagreement involve positive statements and which involve normative judgments? strength is the capacity to resist a force without failure or compromise. Susan feels that despite the economic hardship it will mean to her, all of her children should go to college to achieve their very best. Perhaps the fact/opinion distinction tracks the distinction between statements with objective content (facts?) B. the economy operates at its productive capacity once it reaches Point B. Is there an ontological distinction between magic and the supernatural? Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Along the production possibilities frontier, the most efficient point of production depicted is: 4. Normative statements are predicated on beliefs or ethicswhat someone thinks ought to be. Philosophers draw a distinction between positive statements, which describe the world as it is, and s, which describe how the world should be. Philosophers draw a distinction between _____, which describe the world as it is, and normative statements, which describe how. Example: When government spends a certain amount more on reducing crime, for example, the original gains in reducing crime could be relatively large. Explain the Law of Diminishing Returns and illustrate with a relevant example. Offer two economist responses with explanation. Refer to Figure 2-2. Efficiency 4. Since individualshave different principles, ethical pronouncements also create discord. underneath the invoices is a contract of sale for which of the following to work must both parties be online at the same time, and the receiver of a message be willing to accept messages? By extension metaphorically, strength has meaning in regards to postive personality traits where it is understood roughly as virtue in the classical sense. Much of economics studies how the market works and how government action affects the economy.
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