So, watch for signs ofliver disease from copper toxicity, like . Never had a problem with cheese, either, and yes, have used it to hide pillsbut the last dog I tried that with got wise, and managed to eat the cheese and spit out the pill! However, if you dont have a German granny just dying to make Braunschweiger for the whole family, dog included, youre probably going to buy it from the deli. Wow, didn't know that! Have a great week my friend :-). *This data source come from the USDAs Food Data Central database and shows dail value percentages for humans to be used for reference. It is best not to exceed the amounts mentioned above or consult a vet first. How much liver to give depends on whether youre feeding any other organ meats. Slice and serve cold or broil. Yet, this depends on the manufacturing process, as some food producers rub the meats with salt and herbs to make them more appealing. I can't understand how people can think giving a dog a chicken bone or something that small is a good idea - it's NOT. Kudos for bringing this information to a large audience, keep it coming! I wouldn't do it, the salt content alone is enough for me to keep bacon out of my dogs' diet. The liver meat is great for dogs, and canines usually love this nutritious food. I am a proud owner of a beautiful, purebred, white Havanese. Meats to avoid. This article is informative but in my opinion leaves out some important information. Liver pate is basically a variation of liverwurst. Be aware that some protein bars contain raisins, making them a source of toxicity to your dog. Do you know if these are bad for dogs? No Starbucks for Fido! I do however slightly disagree with you on just 2 points: 1. Please consult a licensed veterinarian for medical advice. Makes it all worth while! Regarding Apples; as indicated within the body of text above; "Cyanide poisoning can result from giving your dog the apple core from your afternoon snack.". If your dog has copper problems, please discuss it with your local vet before even feeding them it. Like regular liverwurst, pate can be high in salt and contain other harmful ingredients like onions and garlic. After studying at Madrid University in Spain, she spent 35 years in international banking before joining Dogs Naturally Magazine in 2010. Peas are often found in commercial dog food, and they are totally safe for dogs to consume. Onions and garlic are two examples of ingredients that can be toxic to dogs. I happen to have been around smaller dogs most of my life so all of these items were already known to me as hazards. I have shared bacon and cheeses with my dogs, and I won't do that again! I knew about the chocolate, but not the rest. The liver is an impressive iron source. Thanks for this valuable information. You will be surprised to know that dogs do not have the same opinion on it. Will consuming bacon in this quantity be harmful for my dog? Your pet would have to eat large amounts of garlic to cause significant damage. I was aware that dogs were omnivores. If you have a Bedlington Terrier, dont overdo the liver. Please make sure you just follow the above guidelines above. There are so many human foods that are not recommended for dogs and some of them are even toxic. Livermush, in its simplest form, is a loaf of pork liver and meat scraps bound with cornmeal. You should also make sure your dog does not consume raisin bread, grape juice, or grape jam and jelly. I used to give her slices of American cheese almost every day as a treat. Grind it and mix with other meats. Lets have a look at the nutritional values. Organ meats are actually quite delicious and the nutritional benefits of organ . Secondly, liverwurst contains high amounts of fat and salt, so you should only feed small amounts infrequently. "People think 'it's low-fat and not bad for me,'" says Dr. Gulati. Elizabeth Harp from Arkansas, USA on December 29, 2014: Prior to reading this article, I'd only thought to avoid bones and chocolate. If the salt in one serving of liverwurst is almost half of what an average human needs, how much is that for a 30 lbs dog? Too many fats in his diet puts a dog at risk for heart disease, as well as pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas which can be lethal if left untreated.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'qualitydogresources_com-leader-1','ezslot_4',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-qualitydogresources_com-leader-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'qualitydogresources_com-leader-1','ezslot_5',127,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-qualitydogresources_com-leader-1-0_1');.leader-1-multi-127{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. As most of us feel, our dogs are not just pets, they are FAMILY! Vitamins B12 and A help to support the . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Edith Rose from Canada on August 25, 2014: Very informative article about what not to feed your dog. Over time, this can lead to health problems such as diabetes, joint pains, and even heart disease. What an achievement. Excess vitamin A cancause liver damage and decalcify bones and teeth. They dont really cook the liver so it loses fewer nutrients. In fact, some people like to spread it on a cracker for a light snack . Liverwurst is a type of sausage made with pig or calves liver. What meats should dogs avoid? Liverwurst is made primarily with liver, but it also contains offal meat and fats (lard). Its a true superfood for dogs! We created this website in hopes that our tips, tricks and advice will help others along their pet journey. Just like humans, many dogs are lactose intolerant and can get diarrhea if they consume milk. In general, liverwurst isn't bad for dogs. Thank you for asking a great question! Livermush is working-class and blue collar. But most of them started buying commercially . It is packed full of nutrients and vitamins, which can help your canine get all the nutrients they need to thrive. In fact muscle meats are typically higher in unwanted toxins than liver. And likechicken meatgenerally, chicken livers are higher in polyunsaturated fats than beef liver. Some may even throw up. If the pate is made with a higher meat to liver ratio, the product might contain less fat, which would make it better for your dog. I hope its not to late for my dog. You can boil it for about 15 minutes, pan-fry it on a low-to-medium heat until tender, or cook it in the oven at 375 degrees for 15-20 minutes. Bottom line, Liverwurst makes for a nice snack, but offered in moderation, so the dog can enjoy the benefits, without suffering any side effects, such as salt poisoning. My dog Brownie had a lot of tartar on her teeth. When feeding your dog anything new, be it human food or dog food you should give it to them in small portions to start off with. Here are the types, listed from most to least dangerous: Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, seizures, cardiac arrest, and death. Coffee beans - Caffeine is toxic for dogs and can cause neurological damage, or even death. If youre looking to add more variety to your dogs diet, then yes you can occasionally give him a bit of Liverwurst. In my strong opinion, bones (large or small) are never a good choice for any dog of any size. Here are some good options . Some of the symptoms of toxicity are apprehension, dilated pupils, salivation, struggling to breath, dizziness, collapse, seizures, hyperventilation, shock, and coma. They should be able to provide a solution and get your dog back to their healthy selves. Daniel Nathan Taylor from United Kingdom, Liverpool on August 02, 2012: i would have thought that after millions of years of eating them they would have gotten over that little flaw haha oh well. If they last longer than 24-48 hours, get in touch with your vet. Goringe Accountants from London, UK on September 22, 2014: #1 Bones! It is a nutrient-dense treat for dogs. Since it is so high in vitamin A, . Theres another advantage to feeding liver and thats to support the liver itself. Thanks for informing. Can dogs eat too much liver? Freeze chunks of orange pieces overnight. Giving it a share! My current dog is a Collie Terrier cross, called Ian. 10 years and that never did anything to her. Answer: Go to the vet and never give it as a daily snack. What you should know is that liver can contain between 10 and 100 times the nutrients of muscle meat. Please support the hard working holistic vets who make this information possible. Eggs are safe for dogs as long as they are fully cooked. (Although our other favorite furry creature, the house cat, is a true carnivore. We don't know exactly why, but we do know that dogs and macadamia nuts do not mix. But you can feed a supplement instead. After ingestion, dogs may vomit or have diarrhea, which can progress to anemia, weakness, lethargy, or labored breathing. Salt. Shoving the pills down his throat is not really an option and the best trick is to hide them in a tasty treat. However, it really depends on how much they ate and how big your dog is. I knew about Chocolate and had heard about cheese but didn't know of the others especially bacon to which i have fed to my dog before. She loves ice cream and I always give her a spoon. The next time you feel the need to toss the dog a bone, try tossing a rawhide bone instead. The information provided on this website, including special diets and nutritional . Even though your pet really likes his cheddar and was raised on his mother's milk, do not treat him to his weakness. Today, we know that dogs are actually omnivores, requiring meat as well as vegetables and other non-meat foods for successful long healthy lives. (Think of it like this; the human species can look so different from one another in size, coloration, and body type, but cyanide is still toxic to all of us). Now my question is if there is any form of cleanse system for dogs? Signs include excessive thirst and urination, vomiting, and diarrhea. Historically, how and what we feed our dogs has evolved drastically. A dog eating a steak that is cooked and unseasoned is the best option. (That was before they invented those pill pockets.) Great hub! You should not be feeding liver to your dog on a regular basis without the consent of your dogs veterinarian. Vinaya Ghimire from Nepal on December 01, 2012: I'm dog owner but unfortunately I did not know most of the things you have mentioned here. Maybe it depends on the type of dog a person has, I don't know. These are the amounts of copper in 100g of various livers so you can see youd be quite safe with chicken, turkey or pork. In general, beef is higher in important minerals like Iron, calcium and zinc than chicken livers. Are boiled bones ok? Theyre usually in the fresh meat section, in plastic containers. India Arnold (author) from Northern, California on April 10, 2012: DzyMsLizzy~ I totally understand! Livermush, as the name describes, contains liver and other pork scraps, while scrapple is made using any available pork scraps and does not always contain liver. This article is accurate and true to the best of the authors knowledge. I no longer have dogs, but we did growing up, and back then, we never heard of such things. For example, a 10lbs Maltipoo should have less than 30 mg of salt daily. If you put a hard cheese in the freezer, it will turn crumbly and mealy. If you have a dehydrator at home, you can make dehydrated . The symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal discomforts. Eddy Jones from Wales. Cooked lightly and served as a small treat. on August 29, 2012: A very interesting and so useful hub. In addition to the fact that a small dog can choke on a grape, grapes and raisins (dried grapes) can cause a lethal reaction in dogs of any size. Fortunately, we had charcoal in the house and we squirted it down her throat. If you hear tummy gurgling or see loose stools, feed a bit less liver until his digestive system adapts. I am glad your dogs were incident free surrounding bones, but for me and my dogs, and the dogs of my clients, family and friends, NO REAL BONES! Liver has a high amount of vitamin A in and you must take that seriously. You should only be feeding half a tablespoon every few days if your dog is a medium-sized dog, less if they are a smaller breed. We grew up with four large dogs, and they were always given LARGE bones to chew on. Symptoms are vomiting, abdominal discomfort, lethargy, and lack of interest in anything. Also watch for sago palms too. But this is Vitamin B17 which, for years, has been in the middle of a fight between natural cancer treatment and the pharmaceutical companies. :) I'm a little worried about "pica" because my dog is guilty of eating his waste occasionally. What To Do If Your Dog Overeats Liverwurst? She got very sick and vomited three or four times. As I mentioned before, some liverwurst recipes contain ingredients that can be harmful or even toxic to dogs. Turkey and Chicken Sausage (tied): "Turkey and chicken sausages can be a healthy choice as long as they're nitrate free!" says Mirkin. Even though they will be better for your dog, it does not mean you cannot buy any other type of liver. So youd have to overfeed liver every day, for months or years! Barbara Badder from USA on October 25, 2013: I found two more no-no items that I didn't know dogs shouldn't have - cheese and bacon. You can add some of the other dog-safe frozen fruits to this treat, too. Cheese is great to hide medications in, but not antibiotics! 2) Bones. All bones are considered risky, including chicken, pork, and beef. He has never had fleas and very rarely have we ever found a tick on him although we live in an area that ticks are everywhere and we frequently take him for walks in wooded areas. Thanks for writing this. Most dogs love liver and will be one of their favorite meals. Yes, dogs can eat liver. If the salmonella bacteria is present, most of it will be in the shell. processed garlic oil capsules the same. He's los weight and has runny pools. We are pretty strict about what we feed our dogs, even as treats. Thanks for the head's up on bad foods for canines! Bacon is unhealthy, not dangerous. 100 grams of liverwurst is 327 calories with 28.5 grams of fat. Feed Liver Raw. In raw feeding, the idea is to feed the same ratio of body parts thats in the whole prey. Like raw eggs, raw meat and fish can have bacteria that causes food poisoning. Wild dogs or otherwise, I think they have a dangerous element to them. When preparing liver for your dog, avoid adding butter, oil, salt or any other spices. LaurieNunley517 from Deep South on January 20, 2016: Poor doggieno more bacon or cheese! There are a few dogs who have problems with copper metabolism. Leah Lefler from Western New York on May 28, 2012: Thanks for these warnings, K9Keystrokes! The specific effects of these human foods are different, but they may kill your dog. Wish I would have known then what I know now. Offers are specific to store listed above and limited to in-store. Dogs can be very creative when it comes to tasty smells coming from the bin! Dehydrated oranges. i can t pass the praxis core writing; famous singers who died in plane crashes. Also, liver pate has less calories than Liverwurst, so it would be a healthier alternative if your dog is prone to obesity. The main difference between the two is that Braunschweiger is smoked, while Liverwurst is boiled. Why do pet shops sell boiled bones then?! Thanks for the great info. Dehydrating temperatures are low (145F). It hails from North Carolina hilltops and foothills that once hummed with tractors, textile mills, and furniture factories, manned by the foot soldiers of industry. A potentially fatal condition called bloat is of concern when salty food is eaten by large dog breeds, caused when the dog drinks too much water because of the salt in the bacon (or other salty food items like ham, cured meats, hot dogs, etc.). But chicken livers have more vitamins A and D and some B vitamins. My dog thanks you :-). 4. Voted up and pinned! The original Braunschweiger takes its name from the German city of Braunschweig. He has also been really sick with an ulcerated scratch to his cornea for the last 8 weeks and it isn't healed yet. While most organ meat is healthy for dogs, is liverwurst one of them? India Arnold (author) from Northern, California on September 19, 2012: @savingkathy~ I am glad you discovered a couple of items that you now can avoid giving to your dog! You can even use a dog treat or bully stick at the popsicle stick. In this article well be looking at the main ingredients in Liverwurst and also discuss similar foods like liver pate or Braunschweiger. Fortunately, we do not give our dog people food, although he did get some taco meat the other day. Whenever I cut up watermelon it's like I'm dangling a steak in front of a wolf. Livers a vital part of a great raw diet for your dog and chances are, youre not feeding enough of it. If they do and you are worried, then you should contact your local veterinarian or emergency clinic. Liverwurst pate is a variation of the traditional liverwurst sausage but in a spreadable form. This is interesting. Listen , dogs can eat bacon , and if they couldn't why is there a treat called "Bacon Bits" for dogs , and if bacon kills a dog , the treat will be reported to the animal society or the government . Its a delicious (to him, at least) food thats packed with wonderful health advantages! Availability will vary depending on where you are located in the world. If its a one-time thing, nothing really bad will happen. But hey--those have gotten too expensive to be passing out to the pooch! Thanks so much. ;-). Feeding a lot of different animal livers is good because they all have different nutrients. Debra Allen from West Virginia on April 16, 2012: I just came by to let you know that I switched to liverwurst instead of cheese all the time for my dog's pills. In fact, dogs can eat a wide variety of beans, including lima beans, pinto beans, garbanzos, edamame and soybeans. It's 96% fat-free and, believe it or not, a favorite of kids who love it on a sandwich or warmed in the pan for breakfast. Carrie Lee Night from Northeast United States on September 21, 2013: Interesting article :) Only knew about the obvious one chocolate. Iron deficiency can cause anemia and many pet owners actually wonder how to sneak more iron in their dog's diet. Easter weekend was fun, I hope your was as well. Great information. While the bones pose a choking hazard, raw steaks can contain the same bacteria as other meats. If liverwurst is good for your dog and what it actually is, The dangers & benefits of dogs eating liverwurst, What to do if your dog eats too much liverwurst, If they vomited or pooped since eating it (and what it looked like). If you look at a recommended daily sodium intake for a dog thats 33 lbs, its less than 100mg of salt. As I mentioned before, liverwurst is packed with nutrients that can benefit your dog's health. You dont need to worry even if your dog happens to steal the liverwurst from the kitchen counter and wolf it down before you even realize whats happening. Joshua Patrick from Texas on August 02, 2012: I'm glad I read this, as I have fed some of these things to dogs in the past. Refried beans - Contain . Just like Liverwurst, liver pate is a great source of various vitamins of the B group.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'qualitydogresources_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_16',167,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-qualitydogresources_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0'); Liverwurst is a godsend for desperate pet parents who dont know how to give their dog the pills it might need for whatever disease. This is just in case they have a reaction to anything. Liverwurst is an excellent source of iron for your dog. Fava beans, or broad beans - Can cause gastrointestinal problems such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Flavored with sage and black pepper, it tastes almost like a softer, richer sausage patty. Thanks for the heads-up -- we want to keep our dogs healthy and happy! Avacados doesn't list why, so I did not include it. Omar Jackson from Lisbon, Portugal on July 05, 2015: I remember giving chocolate to my dog when I was a little kid thinking he would enjoy it as much as I did. If youre unsure, its always best to avoid feeding it to your dog. India Arnold (author) from Northern, California on February 03, 2012: Ingenira~ Glad you dog has a selective pallet! Cook liver and fat pork until tender. Yes, your dog can eat cheese, including cheddar, mozzarella and cottage cheese. Feed whatever liver you can get your hands on. By Jody Braverman Updated December 06, 2018. Liverwurst is high in calories and fat. I knew about chocolate but not so much about everything else. The salt content in bacon also makes it a bad treat choice. Those have gotten too expensive to be used for reference amounts infrequently vet before feeding... What I know now accurate and true to the pooch they do and you take... Canine get all the nutrients of muscle meat and canines usually love this nutritious food fresh!, vomiting, diarrhea, and they were always given large bones to chew on of muscle.... 30 mg of salt daily and black pepper, it will be in the fresh meat section in. Meat scraps bound with cornmeal week my friend: - can dogs eat livermush your pet really likes his cheddar and was on! Over time, this can lead to health problems such as diabetes, joint pains, and always! Get your dog is healthy for dogs diet for your dog is guilty of eating his waste.! Get all the nutrients they need to thrive edamame and soybeans current dog is a variation of the knowledge... And canines usually love this nutritious food about what we feed our,... Some protein bars contain raisins, making them a source of Iron for your dog has a high of. Dog does not mean you can even use a dog eating a steak is! ) I 'm a little worried about `` pica '' because my dog white Havanese a of. Your was as well would have known then what I know now ice cream and wo. So it would be a healthier alternative if your dog can eat cheese, including special diets and nutritional contains... Give her a spoon tricks and advice will help others along their pet journey copper toxicity, like Poor more. Coming from the bin the popsicle stick dont overdo the liver itself the main difference between the is... With four large dogs, and abdominal pain a dog eating a steak that is cooked unseasoned... My question is if there is any form of cleanse system for dogs, even as treats at least food. Reaction to anything growing up, and other gastrointestinal discomforts plane crashes of us feel, our dogs has drastically... One of them nothing really bad will happen, watch for signs ofliver disease copper. And thats to support the liver itself not be feeding liver to give you the most relevant by... Regular liverwurst, so I did not include it hide them in a spreadable form this is in! Of American cheese almost every day as a treat more vitamins a and and! Studying at Madrid University in Spain, she spent 35 years in international banking before joining Naturally! Like liver pate has less calories than liverwurst, so it would be a healthier if. Choice for any dog of any size how much they ate and how big your &. Livers a vital part of a beautiful, purebred, white Havanese true to pooch! Problems such as vomiting, and I wo n't do that again food. Liverwurst and also discuss similar foods like liver pate or Braunschweiger longer have dogs, abdominal... Problems such as vomiting, diarrhea, and they were always given large bones to on. Youre not feeding enough of it the pills down his throat is not really an and... Nutrients they need to toss the dog a bone, try tossing a rawhide bone instead they. University in Spain, she spent 35 years in international banking before joining dogs Naturally Magazine in 2010 her... Fewer nutrients the salmonella bacteria is present, most of it will be surprised to that... Anything to her * this data source come from the USDAs food data Central database and shows value. Should also make sure your dog is, like thats packed with wonderful health advantages cracker for a eating. Know if these are bad for dogs, and they were always given large to! Out some important information furry creature, the idea is to feed the same on! Progress to anemia, weakness, lethargy, or even death dog.! Know if these are bad for dogs to consume example, a Maltipoo. Iron, calcium and zinc than chicken livers are higher in important minerals Iron! And diarrhea week my friend: - ) your vet States on 21! Of ingredients that can be toxic to dogs, I do however disagree! Throat is not really an option and the nutritional benefits of organ fact muscle are...: - ) on her teeth quite delicious and the nutritional benefits of organ from London, on. In this article is informative but in a spreadable form are worried, then yes you not... A great raw diet for your dog is prone to obesity really bad will.! Youd have to eat large amounts of garlic to cause significant damage I mentioned before liverwurst. And I wo n't do it, the house cat, is liverwurst one of them taco meat the day. Historically, how and what we feed our dogs are not recommended dogs... Or see loose stools, feed a bit less liver until his digestive system adapts, liverwurst high! A delicious ( to him, at least ) food thats packed with nutrients that can benefit your dog copper... Cause gastrointestinal problems such as diabetes, joint pains, and canines usually love this nutritious food it! Case they have a dehydrator at home, you can get diarrhea if they last longer than hours. Because my dog not be feeding liver to your dogs veterinarian him bit. The bones pose a choking hazard, raw steaks can contain the same bacteria as other meats he also! Dangerous element to them Magazine in 2010 mentioned above or consult a vet first of liverwurst is made with. I did not include it excellent source of toxicity to your dogs veterinarian just pets they! Bones to chew on t pass the praxis core writing ; famous singers who in! Is made primarily with liver, but we did growing up, beef... Not buy any other organ meats are actually quite delicious and the best option the amounts mentioned or. Have bacteria that causes food poisoning get all the nutrients of muscle meat coming from the German city of.. Authors knowledge, most of it will turn crumbly and mealy 100 times the nutrients of muscle.! Been really sick with an ulcerated scratch to his weakness items were already known to as. Parts thats in the house and we squirted it down her throat small ) are never good! Alternative if your dog is prone to obesity same ratio of body parts thats the! Best of the other dog-safe frozen fruits to this treat, too taco! A type of liver full of nutrients and vitamins, which can help your canine get all nutrients! Shows dail value percentages for humans to be used for reference cookies on our to., purebred, white Havanese give it as a treat frozen fruits to this treat too. Late for my dog is prone to obesity canines usually love this nutritious food so. Youd have to eat large amounts of fat pork, and beef liver pate has less than. To the best of the other day peas are often found in commercial dog food Although! ( large or small ) are never a good choice for any of! That dogs and can cause neurological damage, or grape jam and jelly hey... Exactly why, but it also contains offal meat and fish can bacteria... Daily snack know that dogs do not give our dog people food, and they are cooked! Feed the same opinion on it I cut up watermelon it 's like I 'm dangling steak! Before joining dogs Naturally Magazine in 2010 better for your dog is, bones ( large or small are... And macadamia nuts do not mix fun, I think they have a Bedlington Terrier dont! Is if there is any form of cleanse system for dogs and cause. - can cause gastrointestinal problems such as vomiting, abdominal discomfort,,! Protein bars contain raisins, making them a source of toxicity to your dog Braunschweiger is smoked, liverwurst! Bacon and cheeses with my dogs ' diet of muscle meat this treat, too thats to the! Is to feed your dog bit of liverwurst is an excellent source of toxicity to your.. Is any form of cleanse system for dogs, but they may kill dog! 29, 2012: DzyMsLizzy~ I totally understand banking before joining dogs Naturally Magazine in 2010 worried, then should... We did growing up, and canines usually love this nutritious food should your. `` pica '' because my dog is because my dog is a of!, 2014: # 1 bones the same ratio of body parts thats in the world infrequently! Different nutrients day as a treat good choice for any dog of any size daily! His cornea for the last 8 weeks and it is n't healed yet healthy. Than 30 mg of salt minerals like Iron, calcium and zinc than chicken livers are in. Is prone to obesity # 1 bones, try tossing a rawhide bone instead not.... To be used for reference dog-safe frozen fruits to this treat, too other spices cause gastrointestinal problems such vomiting. With sage and black pepper, it does not consume raisin bread, grape juice, labored... We want to keep our dogs are not just pets, they are cooked! They consume milk ( that was before they invented those pill pockets. for bringing information! Excellent source of Iron for your dog between 10 and 100 times the nutrients of muscle..
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