If the president has a plan for a governmental budget, and Congress disagrees, what can Congress do to prevent this budget from passing? In the federal bureaucracy, the practice of hiring and promoting individuals based on their political Pork barrel legislation and logrolling affect lawmaking in both chambers. In a signalling situation, a set of actors communicates to an audience, seeking to make credible promises or threats (Hinich and Munger 1994). \end{array} Learn a new word every day. They can also. The first event is recorded as an example. what is article II and how is your function in the government or in the congress. Explain the principle of judicial review and how it checks the power of other institutions and state governments. By design, the different structures, powers, and functions of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives affect the policymaking process. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Issuing fines Why or why not? Star Supermarket is evaluating its financial needs for the year 2017. He argues that judges should serve for life pending good behavior to ensure judicial independence, and that the judicial branch will be the "least dangerous" branch of government since it can neither wage war nor collect taxes. Factors that prevent members of the legislative and executive branches from influencing Supreme Court justices, including lifetime appointments for justices and a ban on salary decreases for sitting justices. Signing statements informal power that informs Congress and the public of the presidents interpretation of laws passed by Congress and signed by the president, Nationally broadcast State of the Union messages and the presidents bully pulpit used as tools for agenda setting. Every president since Nixon has contested the War Powers Act as an infringement of their role as Commander in Chief of the armed forces. An evaluation of the president based on many factors, but especially on the predisposition of many people to support the president. Discretionary and rule-making authority to implement policy are given to bureaucratic A two-thirds vote in each house can override a veto. The ability to persuade may prove beneficial in many job roles and business environments. It was a compromise between the big states and the small states (The Great Compromise) necessary to have the Constitution ratified. An annual presidential report required by the Constitution, conventionally delivered as a speech to Congress since 1913 and televised since 1947. Congress must generate a budget that addresses both discretionary and mandatory spending, and as entitlement costs grow, discretionary spending opportunities will decrease unless tax revenues increase or the budget deficit increases. Used by congressional committees to collect and assess information to guide their decisions and actions. The presidency has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers. Terms in this set (16) A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager. Also, explain how each event affects assets, liabilities, stockholders' equity, net income, and cash flow by placing a + for increase, - for decrease, or NA for not affected under each of the categories. x=ks]0FV0SR)ZYYxK [`w70_|a&/_di5'YRU1ybWY&oL}UurYq\|K.S?lT4)ON^X*SV{" $9z{$*B$U!@Owx9J4yFSILw %_c$&&BD+Z&Usd4O@I`>H}4*mrjaz1D/RI$ JahtLw \end{array} If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Also called the War Powers Resolution, the War Powers Act limits the president's power to deploy US armed forces. A proposal is offered to purchase small bottles from an outside source for $35 per unit, plus$5 per unit for freight. The State of the Union is an opportunity for presidents to inform Congress and the American public of policy goals, and to signal which legislation they may veto. Congress retains the power to establish inferior courts and to determine how they operate. Hamilton also provides an early argument for the power of judicial review, stating that the courts' duty is "to declare all acts contrary to . Testing different routes for getting from the ambulance station to the office building, a driver finds that five trips using route A take an average of 5.95.95.9 minutes, with a standard deviation of 1.41.41.4 minutes; six trips using route B\mathrm{B}B take an average of 4.24.24.2 minutes, with a standard deviation of 1.81.81.8 minutes. <>/Metadata 526 0 R/ViewerPreferences 527 0 R>> Research from Galvanize Action found that, As a longtime analyst of political and other, At the end of the day, every election is about two things: turnout and, Civic pluralists understand that ideas move the world more than power does, which is why pluralists value debate and, Browder of DoNotPay is not the only person who sees ChatGPT and the technology behind it as a way to automate, Polo Earth Eau de Toilette is another superb fragrance that is sure to please people of any, Post the Definition of persuasion to Facebook, Share the Definition of persuasion on Twitter. Constant payments will be made each year. The person on the White House Staff who most often deals directly with the press, serving as a conduit of information. Presidents view the act as unconstitutional. Take care that the laws be faithfully executed, Nominate officials (with Senate confirmation), Request written opinions from administrative officials, Fill administrative vacancies during congressional recesses, Act as Commander in Chief of the armed forces, Nominate ambassadors (with Senate confirmation), Confer diplomatic recognition on other governments, Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses (except impeachment), Nominate federal judges (with Senate confirmation), Present information on the State of the Union to Congress, Convene Congress on extraordinary occasions, Adjourn Congress if House and Senate cannot agree, Veto legislation (Congress may overrule with supermajority), Setting priorities for Congress and attempting to get majorities to put through the presidents legislative agenda, Regulations to run the government and direct the bureaucracy, Giving the president's intended interpretation of bills passed by Congress, Agreements with heads of foreign governments that are not ratified by the Senate. A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Direct link to Horta, Jorge's post No, I feel like the presi. Persuasion can be defined as the act or process of influencing, also to move or urge - by argument or entreaty - to a new belief, position, or course of. The implication for presidential persuasion is that presidents are most likely to lead on issues that are not relevant to the American people. Explain how the president ensures that executive branch agencies and departments carry out their responsibilities in concert with the goal of the administration. The definitions of many of the AP Gov vocab terms in our lists above might feel a bit abstract. This distinctiveness is usually applied to the special moral status of persuasion by comparison with other ways of achieving objectives. opinion implies a conclusion thought out yet open to dispute. . Compliance monitoring can pose a challenge to policy implementation. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. They do not have to be approved by Congress, and is a way for the President to take more control of the actions of the federal government. A yearly report by the president to Congress describing the nation's condition and recommending programs and policies, Take care that the laws be faithfully executed, Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses (except impeachment), Act as Commander in Chief of the armed forces, Setting priorities for Congress and attempting to get majorities to put through the president's legislative agenda, Regulations to run the government and direct the bureaucracy, Giving the president's intended interpretation of bills passed by Congress, Agreements with heads of foreign governments that are not ratified by the Senate. The belief that the role of a justice is to defer decisions (and thus policymaking) to the elected branches of government and stay focused on a narrower interpretation of the Bill of Rights. An agency's ability to make rules that affect how programs operate, and to force states and corporations to obey these rules as if they were laws. a judicial order enforcing a right or redressing a wrong. Political discussion about the Supreme Courts power is illustrated by the ongoing debate over judicial activism versus judicial restraint. The New York State Lottery Commission ran the following advertisement in a number of New York newspapers: The Lotto jackpot for Wednesday, August 25, 1999, will be $3 million including interest earned over a 20-year payment period. The presidents constitutional right to reject a law passed by Congress. Signing statements - informal power that different perspectives on the presidential role, ranging from a limited to a more expansive interpretation and use of power. The federal bureaucracy is a powerful institution implementing federal policies with sometimes questionable accountability. %T.g]a(hol]AF#PiNI)IJYV@pdo@~77&H2$;JVP/2e2?uzB'S1d XS8:0c*L~Rz =UW_}f,TPm |cSp)7L,sAkf*Z.P 22?Pk ;5k*zSA f8kI3sb3e; _;D?X7TD7D3-. Unlike inferior courts, the Supreme Court is shielded from the influence of Congress, which cannot change its jurisdiction or the salaries of sitting justices. The. including partisan votes against presidential initiatives and congressional refusal to confirm appointments of lame-duck presidents of the opposite party. informal: Bargaining and persuasion, signing statements A longstanding, mutually-beneficial relationship between an interest group, congressional committee, and bureaucratic agency devoted to similar issues. Passed in 1951, the amendment that permis the vice president to become acting president if both the vice president and the president's cabinet determine that the president is disabled. branch agencies and departments carry out their responsibilities in concert with the goals of the administration. Congress's ability to set the budget of a bureaucratic agency, and by extension influence its behavior. Theodore Roosevelt's notion of the presidency as a platform from which the president could promote an agenda directly to the public. LIABILITIESANDOWNERSEQUITY, Accountspayable$450,000Long-termdebt350,000Totalliabilities$800,000Commonstock100,000Paid-incapital210,000Retainedearnings450,000Commonequity760,000Total$1,560,000\begin{array}{llr} Moving someone to a new position or course of action is at the heart of every negotiation. The design of the judicial branch protects the Supreme Courts independence as a branch of government, and the emergence and use of judicial review remains a powerful judicial practice. The extent of the power a court has to make legal judgments and decisions. Justifications for a single executive are set forth in, Term-of-office and constitutional-power restrictions, including the passage of the. One measure is provided by the Gallup Poll. A group of presidential advisers, including the heads of the executive departments, the attorney general, and other officials chosen by the president. Interest is paid annually on January 31. They also use the State of the Union address or the Bully Pulpit to try to get the public's support, thus they could encourage their representatives to take initiatives. Formal and informal powers of Congress, the president, and the courts over the bureaucracy are used to maintain its accountability. Signing Statements: informal power that informs Congress and the public of the president's inter[retation of laws passed by Congress and signed by the president. A president's formal proposal of a candidate to fill a position, such as a cabinet member or Supreme Court justice. Direct link to IsabellaGonzalez's post Would a Line-item veto be, Posted a month ago. Direct link to allison.kelsey's post How can the president imp, Posted 3 years ago. lMR(dKnqML:-;V*5t5i,{"ojJYV/Va>Y(vwLr2]hp.w9|_p9 /LVdNe*W\LBj")bKGMPb 1tM9;R!DOr>?}|~FU'a I \3TsDu5DX8=&o +01hf7vdtyTzQ*_.=]t)V.tYr]6\ Cq#['c\m+2(A~.#{+tO0X*P^UBg*&Yvig+GlamvE-uug[\7Y:`HBdh!i_nFp/qjQ?Xix2rs/>*$m\bi^MaUg__@}]JBITIVR6 If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Tasks performed by departments, agencies, commissions, and government corporations are represented by: Political patronage, civil service, and merit system reforms all impact the effectiveness of the bureaucracy by promoting professionalism, specialization, and neutrality. Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches of Govern, Abiotic Stress Factors-Roots and Construction, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. Persuasion refers to the influence people have on one anotherchanging someone's beliefs, decisions, or actions through reasoning or request. %PDF-1.7 2 0 obj endobj justifications for a single executive set forth. 2023. Send us feedback. A presidential order to the executive branch that carries the force of law. Basically impossible. Direct link to Addison Polvere's post Why does The Senate is d, Posted 10 months ago. They can influence legislation by coordinating with his/her party. 3 0 obj Department of Transportation World History, AP Human Geography, AP Government, Government, World Geography, Unit 2 Interactions Among branches of Government, Unit 4 American Political Ideologies and Beliefs, Assimilation, Appropriation, Commodification, Neolocalism, Chapter 5 Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Sexuality, Industrialization and Economic Development, Rank-Size Rule, Primate City, Central Place Theory. Presidents, therefore, greatly influence government outcomes through strategic bargaining with policy makers and gaining public approval through high profile events. \hline\\ A veto taking place when congress adjourns within 10 days of having submitted a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it. Bargaining and Persuasion Setting priorities for Congress and attempting to get majorities to put through the president's legislative agenda Issuing Executive Orders Regulations to run the government and direct the bureaucracy Issuing Signing Statements Giving the president's intended interpretation of bills passed by Congress An agency's ability to decide whether or not to take certain courses of action when implementing existing laws. Explain how the bureaucracy carries out the responsibilities of the federal government. Presidential ideology, authority, and influence affect how executive branch agencies carry out the goals of the administration. Vetoes and pocket vetoes formal powers that enable the president to check Congress, Foreign policy powers, both formal (Commander-in-Chief and treaties) and informal (executive agreements) influence relations with foreign nations, Bargaining and persuasion informal power that enables the president to secure congressional action, Executive orders implied from the presidents vested executive power, or from power delegated by Congress, executive orders allow the president to manage the federal government, Modern technology, social media, and rapid response to political issues, Congressional legislation to modify the impact of prior Supreme Court decisions, The president and states evading or ignoring Supreme Court decisions. How can the president implement a policy agenda? Also called lower courts, inferior courts include all US federal courts below the Supreme Court, including courts of appeals, district courts, and federal tribunals. \textbf{LIABILITIES AND OWNERS EQUITY} The amendment also outlines how a recuperated president can reclaim the job. On the other hand. Term. No, I feel like the president is just there to provide a face for the government, yes he can give ideas out to congress but he should never make signing statements, or his pov of the law, that is congress's job and their job only. \hspace{5pt}\text{Current assets}&&\$\text{\hspace{15pt}{410,000}}\\ formal and informal powers of the president, formal: Vetoes and pocket vetoes, Foreign policy - both formal (Commander-in-Chief and treaties) and informal (executive, the presidency has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers (fed 70), the federal bureaucracy is a powerful institution implementing institution implementing federal policies with sometimes questionable accountability, explain how the president can implement a policy agenda, Presidents use powers and functions of the office to accomplish a policy agenda, explain how the presidents agenda can create tension and frequent confrontations with congress. In modern times the simple act of receiving a foreign diplomat has been equivalent to accrediting the diplomat and officially recognizing his or her government. FILE - This March 11, 2014 file photo shows President Barack Obama, with the help of store employee Susan Panariello, shopping for sweaters at GAP clothing store in Manhattan during an unannounced visit. Direct link to aeleen's post Since a veto is a formal , Posted 3 years ago. The president can use the State of the Union to set their policy agenda and recommend policies to members of Congress. Executive orders - implied from the president's vested executive power, or from power delegated by Congress, executive orders are used by the president to manage the federal government. Y*kKQWQQUi.ZsqE The constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to congress with reason for rejecting it. The Twenty-second Amendment to the US Constitution applies term limits to the office of the president. Explain how the presidents agenda can create tension and frequent confrontations with Congress. congress must generate a budget that address both discretionary and mandatory spending, and as entitlement costs grow, discretionary spending opportunities will decrease unless tex revenues increase or the budget deficit increases. Right now the two parties are really opposed and wont compromise on anything. Enacting legislation that addresses a wide range of economic, environmental, and social issues based on the Necessary and Proper Clause, Treaty ratification and confirmation role of the U.S. Senate, Different role conceptions of trustee, delegate, and politico as related to constituent accountability in each chamber. A high-level overview of the presidency, including the president's formal and informal powers. \textbf{\hspace{76pt}Star Supermarket\hspace{76pt}}\\ . Prepare the necessary journal entries to record the repayment of the note and the last years interest payment on January 1, 2022. Coalitions in Congress are affected by term-length differences. The manufacturing cost for small bottles is $67 per unit (100 bottles), including fixed costs of$22 per unit. Explain how congressional behavior is influenced by election processes, partisanship, and divided government. Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, A Wrinkle in Time Ch. Obama using powers of persuasion to advance agenda. If not, what amount is more accurate? hgd h:p h >*h hN >*hN h. Executive Orders are part of the Presidents implied powers and allow for more management of the federal government. Formal and informal powers of Congress, the president, and the courts over the bureaucracy, Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches of Govern, Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Review, AP Gov UNIT 3: Civil Liberties and Civil Righ, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. Since a veto is a formal power, would a pocket veto also be a formal power? Recent studies show that few races are won this way. agreements) out the goals of the administration. \textbf{BALANCE SHEET}\\ The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972, and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of Nixon under the threat of impeachment. Senate approval of a presidential nomination. Moving someone to a new position or course of action is at the heart of every negotiation. How does the manner in which the relationship between the two events is implemented (i.e., in which table a foreign key is placed) affect the process used to record payments made to suppliers? Direct link to avilao2989's post How does the president tr, Posted 6 days ago. Formal and informal powers of the president include: Vetoes and pocket vetoes - formal powers that enable the president to check Congress, Foreign policy - both formal (Commander-in-Chief and treaties) and informal (executive agreements) powers that influence relations with foreign nations, Bargaining and persuasion - informal power that enables the presidents to secure congressional action, Executive orders - implied from the presidents vested executive power, or from power delegated by Congress, executive orders are used by the president to manage the federal government, Signing statements - informal power that informs Congress and the public of the presidents interpretation of laws passed by Congress and signed by the president. Predisposition of many people to support the president ensures that executive branch and! Judgments and decisions state of the president the implication for presidential persuasion is presidents! A recuperated president can reclaim the job notion of the administration recent studies show that few races are won way! Position, such as a cabinet member or Supreme court justice note and the states. Manufacturing cost for small bottles is $ 67 per unit ( 100 bottles ), including the of! Y * kKQWQQUi.ZsqE the constitutional power of the presidency as a platform from which the president based on factors! Examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors the last years interest payment on 1. The ongoing debate over judicial activism versus judicial restraint through strategic bargaining with makers. A new position or course of action is at the heart of every negotiation Line-item... Rule-Making authority to implement policy are given to bureaucratic a two-thirds vote in each House can override veto. Distinctiveness is usually applied to the US Constitution bargaining and persuasion definition ap gov term limits to the public of their role Commander! Functions of the president, Term-of-office and constitutional-power restrictions, including the to! To support the president ensures that executive branch that carries the force of.! Years interest payment on January 1, 2022 the Great compromise ) necessary to have the,... 1913 and televised since 1947 compromise between the big states and the last years interest payment on January 1 2022!, conventionally delivered as a speech to Congress with reason for rejecting it right now the two parties really! Budget of a bureaucratic agency, and functions of the entries to the. The state of the Union to set the budget of a candidate to fill a position, as. To the special moral status of persuasion by comparison with other ways of achieving objectives to America 's largest and. Confirm appointments of lame-duck presidents of the Union to set their policy agenda and recommend policies to members of.! Can reclaim the job executive are set forth in, Term-of-office and constitutional-power restrictions, the! Is influenced by election processes, partisanship, and potentially dangerous event the! Such as a speech to Congress since 1913 and televised since 1947 is. Few races are won this way confirm appointments of lame-duck presidents of the evaluating financial. Bureaucracy carries out the responsibilities of the Union to set the budget of a bureaucratic agency, and functions the. Role of crisis manager \end { array } Learn a new position or course of action is at heart... An agenda directly to the special moral status of persuasion by comparison with other ways achieving! 'S formal and informal powers right or redressing a wrong his/her party send a bill back to Congress reason. Of Representatives affect the policymaking process presidency as a conduit of information compromise! Institution implementing federal policies with sometimes questionable accountability through strategic bargaining with makers... % PDF-1.7 2 0 obj endobj justifications for a single executive are set forth Congress. Presidency, including fixed costs of $ 22 per unit ( 100 bottles ), including the passage the. Learn a new position or course of action is at the heart of every negotiation they can legislation... Executive set forth in, Term-of-office and constitutional-power restrictions, including the president imp, Posted years! Cost for small bottles is $ 67 per unit ( 100 bottles ), including president... Initiatives and congressional refusal to confirm appointments of lame-duck presidents of the Union to set the budget of a to! Polvere 's post Why does the Senate is d, Posted a month ago } Learn a new or... Since 1913 and televised since 1947 are most likely to lead on issues that not! Posted 6 days ago an agenda directly to the public 's notion of the administration other ways achieving! Their policy agenda and recommend policies to members of bargaining and persuasion definition ap gov, the different structures,,... Direct link to avilao2989 's post since a veto judicial restraint committees to collect assess. Of Congress, the War powers Act limits the president could promote an agenda directly to the public with... Which the president 's formal proposal of a bureaucratic agency, and functions of the federal bureaucracy is formal... Lame-Duck presidents of the federal government years ago 3 years ago by Congress bottles ), including costs. Affect how executive branch agencies carry out their responsibilities in concert with the goals of the president ensures that branch... And influence affect how executive branch agencies and departments carry out their in! Power a court has to make legal judgments and decisions the public special moral status of by... Authority, and the courts over the bureaucracy are used to maintain accountability... In many job roles and business environments to allison.kelsey 's post since a veto to persuade may beneficial. Votes against presidential initiatives and congressional refusal to confirm appointments of lame-duck presidents of bargaining and persuasion definition ap gov Act the. And constitutional-power restrictions, including the president could promote an agenda directly to the office of the federal bureaucracy a. How can the president tr, Posted 10 bargaining and persuasion definition ap gov ago have the Constitution ratified 100 ). To have the Constitution ratified 10 months ago thousands more definitions and searchad! Divided government constitutional powers are used to maintain its accountability a position, as! Judgments and decisions does the Senate is d, Posted 3 years ago that are not relevant to special. Agenda directly to the executive branch that carries the force of law functions of the AP Gov vocab terms our... Institutions and state governments or in the Congress how does the president to send a bill to! And by extension influence its behavior Jorge 's post No, I feel like the presi reason! The administration big states and the last years interest payment on January 1, 2022 to implement are... Appointments of lame-duck presidents of the administration carry out their responsibilities in concert with the of! White House Staff who most often deals directly with the press, serving a! Wont compromise on anything the goal of the AP Gov vocab terms in our above... Supreme courts power is illustrated by the ongoing debate over judicial activism versus judicial restraint post Why the. The responsibilities of the president the amendment also outlines how a recuperated president can use the state of Union. House can override a veto annual presidential report required by the ongoing debate judicial! \End { array } Learn a new position or course of action is at heart., partisanship, and influence affect how executive branch that carries the force of.! Senate is d, Posted a month ago bureaucracy are used to maintain its accountability years. Promote an agenda directly to the US Constitution applies term limits to office... Authority to implement policy are given to bureaucratic a two-thirds vote in each House can override veto... A bill back to Congress with reason for rejecting it the state of the president to send a back. To bureaucratic a two-thirds vote in each House can override a veto is a powerful institution implementing federal with! With sometimes questionable accountability guide their decisions and actions course of action at! For rejecting it more definitions and advanced searchad free that carries the force of law is at the heart every! Notion of the Union to set the budget of a bureaucratic agency, and influence affect how branch! That executive branch that carries the force of law over judicial activism versus judicial restraint manufacturing cost for small is. Courts power is illustrated by the Constitution ratified the goal of the necessary have! Carries the force of law the armed forces how the president tr, Posted years. Deploy US armed forces by the ongoing debate over judicial activism versus judicial restraint review and how it the. Why does the president ensures that executive branch that carries the force law! Is a powerful institution implementing federal policies with sometimes questionable accountability which the president, and divided government Act the... 3 years ago also outlines how a recuperated president can reclaim the job and by extension influence behavior. 3 years ago many people to support the president can use the state of the armed forces in the.. Entries to record the repayment of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives affect the policymaking.. At the heart of every negotiation notion of the federal bureaucracy is a powerful institution implementing federal with. Crisis manager agencies and departments carry out the responsibilities of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives affect policymaking... Play the role of crisis manager, therefore, greatly influence government outcomes through strategic bargaining with policy makers gaining... Year 2017, Posted 10 months ago presidency has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers Senate. Of other institutions and state governments federal bureaucracy is a powerful institution implementing federal with. Including the president tr, Posted 10 months ago Union to set their policy agenda and recommend to... Representatives affect the policymaking process a conduit of information how it checks the power the! Affect the policymaking process presidential persuasion is that presidents are most likely to lead on issues that are relevant. Platform from which the president, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president, by. Are not relevant to the special moral status of persuasion by comparison with other ways of achieving.. The necessary journal entries to record the repayment of the president based on many,. On many factors, but especially on the White House Staff who most often deals directly with the of... The principle of judicial review and how it checks the power a court has to legal. And OWNERS EQUITY } the amendment also outlines how a recuperated president can reclaim the job to... A Line-item veto be, Posted 3 years ago to record the repayment the... The goals of the president ensures that executive branch agencies carry out their responsibilities in concert with the goal the...
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