There is a saying that says cleanliness is godliness; well, is a deep subject or such a shallow mind, so take your voltmeter and set it to the range above your battery voltage then put one probe on either post and the other probe, probe around on the battery case and see your voltage drop (parasitic) due to dirt, grime, conductive goo and there you will find your main culprit for early battery death. Can tubular plate deep cycle traction batteries be charged safely above 2.45v per cell? Open circuit voltage, or specific gravity per cell, >> Download full size PDF (Battery State Of Charge). I have gotten the U.S. sheet listings (vicinity of room temperature). To Glenn I hope you received some answer before today how do you check SG on a AGM battery? Very good thoughts Rodolfo, and thank you for ending with a good analogy. always check these setting in your Battery monitor. Float = 13.6V or lower. The colder the temperature drops, the higher (more dense) the SG value becomes. = 4.5 x CFM x h (std. Occasional dips into the yellow may not be harmful, but continual discharges to those levels will shorten battery life considerably. Battery Volts and State of Charge . Error :A lead baterie contains sulfate no sulfite SO4-- no SO3 . 10.5V is a destroyed battery for a normal (not deep-cycle) automotive battery. The specific gravity of fully charged deep-cycle batteries of the same model can range from 1.270 to 1.305; fully discharged, these batteries may vary between 1.097 and 1.201. The Charge Level says "All good" but it seems to be referring to the main car battery. i have 4 electric bike vrla based batteries showing 13.0v ocv, on 3 times load test shows 10.8v, but when put on road, does not give mileage. Being on fixed income I can't afford new batts, any and all suggestions and or recommendations are very greatly appreaciated. 2. This is the complete voltage chart for LiFePO4 batteries, from the individual cell to 12V, 24V, and 48V. This is not the case with modern vehicles. My immediate thought about the differences in your two battery banks is that the wally world batteries are newer, or less heavily used than the Trojan. Answer (1 of 6): In a car 12V is dead, a "12V" lead-acid battery should be above 12.5V at rest. Every time I check the Specific Gravity, it's in the red, 1.175 or lower. A tablet is going to use maybe 2 or 3 amps and laptops up to maybe 10amps for a big one. Can anyone tell @ Impedance Spectroscopy requirements? As the SoC decreases through discharge, the sulfuric acid removes itself from the electrolyte and binds to the plate, forming lead sulfate. Thanks. They are made by connecting four 3.2V LiFePO4 cells in series . But please read through the caveats in the article. 0000075734 00000 n xref Battery capacity is directly proportional to surface area of plates. I dont have to wake up to pull starting my gen set each morning. I researched as many battery manufacturers that I could find regarding their own published SOC data. Just installed 2 24 volt reconditioned fork lift batteries in my 48 volt system. And a 50% Depth of Discharge (DoD) for AGM and GEL batteries. 12V Lead Acid Battery Voltage Chart (2nd Chart) Similarly to the 6V lead battery, we see that the 12V lead acid battery reaches the actually 12V voltage at the 40% to 50% range (43% is the exact capacity percentage). This makes the voltage-based SoC method impractical for a battery in active duty. From the system voltage . Their introductory affordable and reputable model assures very accurate measurements. Its power drops from 100% to 25%. While SoC readings are possible with a steady load, the battery cannot be on charge during the test. Thank you, I'm investigating about, and I read that the most common, easy, and accurate way of measuring OSC is Ampere Hour Counting. You get what you pay for and you reap what you sow, so take good care of your batteries and they will take good care of you longer. Opening the car door applies a parasitic load of about 20A. BU-103a: Battery Breakthroughs: Myth or Fact? Should you replace it for a SOC of less than 70% or 50%, or what is that number? It will be always an approximate measurement. Ideally, you should never let your power source reach below 50% SOC, meaning that you should keep it at 12.1V or higher, looking at the chart above. This reduces corrosion and prolongs life but it decreases the specific energy, or capacity. 0 I am rhea from the Philippines, we are having trouble on what electronic componenet should be used in switching two 48 volts lead acid batteries, meaning there are four 12 volts lead acid batteries in series and another four 12 volts batteries in series, we ae trying to have a switching process, like 00 01 10 11 logic, if A bat is empty, then it will switch to the other battery which is B. or vice versa, I just want to ask if you do have circuits for this and how to program this using microcontroller to know the power rate, voltage and current in charging and discharging. Installing a low voltage battery alarm can save your bacon. 25.66. Would you tell me the process or the web-site that I can learn? The Trojan sounds like it is getting old, and needs more frequent watering and equalizing to keep it functioning. No temperature compensation. Don't expose it to thermal shock; even one degree Fahrenheit causes thermal shock at the atomic level. Just flattening a car starter battery once causes significant damage unlike batteries designed for it like traction batteries the ones meant for electric golf carts and solar battery systems which were designed to accept flattening because its bound to happen. However, I dont know the principle behind the formula and if its good enough to use for estimation of SOC.. My location is Phils. BU-1006: Cost of Mobile and Renewable Power, Predictive Test Methods for Starter Batteries, Why Mobile Phone Batteries do not last as long as an EV Battery, How to Charge Li-ion with a Parasitic Load, Assuring Safety of Lithium-ion in the Workforce, How to Make Battery Performance Transparent, Making Battery State-of-health Transparent. BU-309: How does Graphite Work in Li-ion? Generally speaking, the less you discharge the battery before recharge, the longer the battery will last. Please show me any method or device which can be used to find the amount of charge in coulumb in a DC battery. May 2019 #2. For seat of the pants measurements, I hope this has been helpful. You can use the measured voltage to determine how much % charge a lead-acid battery still has (how much juice is left). Thanks. Battery State of Charge Meter I expected to find 0.0V. A lithium battery at 20% capacity will hold voltage around 13V, its lead-acid cousin will be approx 11.8V at the same capacity. defines the "empty" state of the battery. - Minimum buttons. The most efficient way to determine the state of charge on a flooded lead-acid battery with removable vent caps is to use a hydrometer. - 3 Adjustable alarms (typically 50%, 30%, 20%) - Alarms to be non-irritating, and have a mute function. To obtain maximum battery service life and capacity, along with acceptable recharge time and economy, constant voltage-current limited charging is best. Lead-acid batteries, like any other batteries, have a different voltage at different stages of charge. Lead acid comes with different plate compositions that must be considered when measuring SoC by voltage. The ideal charging voltage for a calcium battery is 14.8V for the recombination process to properly occur. 24V = 12 x 2.5VPC = 30V. You can check your car battery start of charge using a voltmeter, thermometer and this car battery voltage chart. On July 1, 2018 at 10:33pm Ananda Krishnan wrote: What is the manufacturing difference between C20 deep cycle battery and C10 solar battery?? Battery. Some systems also observe the charge time because a faded battery charges more quickly than a good one. The chart is listed below. Figure 2 illustrates the voltage band of a 12V lead acid monoblock from fully discharged to full charged. Just remember that 12 volt batteries are not full at 12 volts and dead at zero. Regards! All, the problem of establishing the SOC is not trivial, expecially with LiFePO4 batteries. I have 4 100 ah sla AGM batteries in series/parallel for 24 volt and warned to make I didnt discharge them less than 80% is night time my solar charge controller is done for today,so I cant start charging back up till the AM. There is metal detector to detect metal likewise I need to know how to detect a battery? 24V LiFePO4 Battery Voltage Chart I've read many of your articles - lots of wisdom here - I know this is a lightweight question: at what fully charged State of Charge should a car battery be considered for replacement? But first, a few important notes and caveats Great chart! P.S. xbbc`b``3 c For really serious work advisable to take temperature of the battery acid for standard lead acid batteries. When water evaporates, the SG reading rises because of higher concentration. Two Step Constant Voltage. Comments are intended for "commenting," an open discussion amongst site visitors. I close by a thankyou to batteryuniversity and this venue. 0000001656 00000 n Which explains why batteries that go dead never recover fully. The recommended temperature compensation for Victron VRLA batteries is - 4 mV / Cell (-24 mV /C for a 12V battery). the batteries are hardly one year old. After charging, check electrolyte levels. The source code I am using comes from a previous project which is also used for a power management board, its already has a formula in software to estimate the SOC, here it is, during charging, SOC= 100%(1-(Vmax_- Vbatt + Ichrg*Ro)/2.5V) (Vmax_ = 25.5v, Vbatt is the value of battery voltage measured by SW, Icharg is the value of charging current measured by SW), during discharging, SOC = 100%(1-(Vmax - Vbatt-Iload* Ri)/2.5V) (Vmax = 25.5v,Iload is the current of load measured by SW). That's is not exact, but I think you can make an idea about how long. victor from NIGERIA, Hi Im Tommy from Indian wells golf resort in California, i have a fleet of 160, they get used alot in season, now its summer we are slow, i have them in rotation, always have, when a certain section stays in for 2 days the battery percentage on the gps units will be 100%, a day or 2 later drops down to 85 to 80% or lower because they havent been used, is that good for the battery? I bought one on e-bay and it seemed to work on an old battery. The highest voltage 48V lead battery can achieve is 50.92V at 100% charge. Battery state-of-charge can also be estimated with impedance spectroscopy using the Spectro complex modeling method. 0000001432 00000 n Capacity is calculated by multiplying . As a battery is charged the indicated voltage increases and, as discharging occurs, the indicated voltage decreases. To get accurate readings, the battery needs to rest in the open circuit state for at least four hours; battery manufacturers recommend 24 hours for lead acid. My other set up has about 750 watts of poly panels, run through a xantrex 30 amp charge controller charging a trojan 12 volt golf cart battery. This is a full 1.37V difference between 100% and 0% charge. This is because car starter batteries are very weak at full discharge/flattening. See your battery manufacturer recommendations regarding charging. Set at 4mV/C/Cell . I am using the ACS712 for reading Voltage and current and LM35 for temperature. On April 30, 2018 at 9:43am chase magnuson wrote: what should each of a fully charged lead-acid automotive battery measure? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Note: For best accuracy when measuring battery voltage, the battery must be in open circuit condition (at rest, or resting). 20% 34.98 Some were slightly different from each-other with regards to their SOC values. why doesnt anyone list 36 volt facts. Charge current The charge current s hould preferably not exceed 0,2 C (20A for a 100Ah battery).The temperature of a battery will increase by Can we replace the battery acid with a new one and charge again or garbage the battery. The equalizing charge ups the charging voltages in order to get enough voltage to the lesser charged batteries in the series chain. 1. I measure 9.0V from the negative terminal to the metal case. To get accurate readings, the battery needs to rest in the open circuit state for at least four hours; battery manufacturers recommend 24 hours for lead acid. As you can see, there's a 0.57 difference between 100% and 0% charge. Pulsed loading method verifies the health of power path physical layer as coulomb counting doesn't. The batteries charge efficiency. What would be an expected voltage at 1.265 SG vs. the voltage at 1.24 SG. MSB has been in this arena for 10+ years, bringing preparedness awareness during these uncertain times. off-grid applications . set the high off voltage, Pulls a relay on and off when it reaches the set points and turns on a mains powered charger to protect over discharge. Bounce Back Test the Battery. But first, a few important notes and caveats. The lowest voltage for a 48V lead battery is 45.44V at 0% charge; this is more than a 5V difference between a full and empty lead-acid battery. Hathaspace Smart True HEPA Air Purifier Reviews, 4+6 Best Whole-House Dehumidifiers (Ducted, Portable), 4 Quietest Dehumidifiers (Best Bedroom Dehumidifiers): 52.1 dB Or Lower, 6V Lead Acid Battery Voltage Chart (1st Chart), 12V Lead Acid Battery Voltage Chart (2nd Chart), 24V Lead Acid Battery Voltage Chart (3rd Chart), 48V Lead Acid Battery Voltage Chart (4th Chart), How Long Will A 100Ah Battery Last? Once stable the following will provide a good reference for the battery state of charge. Clean it with a mild soapy solution and rinse it with hot water then clean outwards from each individual cell, or else one weaker cell will discharge a stronger cell giving you a false sense of security. I have a 24V lead acid battery (for a fork truck). BU-409a: Why do Old Li-ion Batteries Take Long to Charge? Battery voltage reacts highly to charging and discharging. When measuring SoC by open circuit voltage (OCV), the battery voltage must be floating with no load attached. Thank you! the software has already the capability to measure the (1)battery voltage(2)Charging current during charging(3)load current during discharging. Measure its voltage with a volt meter while open-circuit, no load (general approximation). Measure voltages, temperatures, chemistries such as specific gravities and write them down then analyze your data to your specific needs and uses. The battery capacity is the same as when new as when it goes to battery heaven, or better yet recycled. Nothing in the battery world is absolute. As a rule of thumb, the minimum amps required to charge a 12v battery is 10% of its full capacity but the ideal charging current should be between 20-25% of the battery's capacity For example. 12V AGM Performance Charts. If the test reading is red before and after charging the battery. hi i want know the program for how to measure the battery level and indicator can any know?? Various batteries that happen to be 12V (not a. What is the recommended charging volts for C10 tubular per cell at 27?? ), While this is an elegant solution to a challenging issue, losses reduce the total energy delivered, and whats available at the end is always less than what had been put in. BU-603a: Calibrating SMBus Batteries with Impedance Tracking, BU-604: How to Process Data from a Smart Battery, BU-704a: Shipping Lithium-based Batteries by Air, BU-704e: Battery for Personal and Fleet Use, BU-801: Setting Battery Performance Standards. I didn't discharge below 20%, because I value my batteries too much! (1000-3000+ Sq Ft Homes), Thermostat Says Heat On But No Heat? Voltages and Specific Gravity are listed for a 6-volt or 12-volt battery, and battery banks of 24 and 48 volts. A 12-volt battery that is charged should read 12.5 to 12.7 volts. The resulting agitation distorts the voltage and it no longer represents a correct SoC reference. Battery Charge. Starting is Easy, but can I Steer and Brake? Besides charge level and acid density, a low fluid level will also change the SG. But a good generalization. Steady SoC results are also observed after removing charge during when the voltage normalizes as part of polarization. Table 3 provides the BCI readings of starter batteries. The batteries were rested after each step for about 2 hours with no current flowing by which time the voltage had stabilized. Similarly, 6V and 24V AGM batteries should have voltages of 6.356.5V and 25.426V, respectively. How does Internal Resistance affect Performance? 12.5 volts - Your battery is at a healthy state of charge, but we'd recommend re-checking it within a few days to ensure the voltage hasn't dropped any further. I realize now I was really punishing them (std. A fully charged 12V battery or battery-pack will read 12.7V or above; once that reaches 12V or below, that power unit is considered dead. Will the voltage reading be the same if I use 3 12v batteries or 6 6v batteries? To TokenGimp, If they told you 75AH is good for a 30 miles of rolling on a street, you can make rule of three: if 75->30, then 55-> 22miles, 90->36miles, 115->46miles. The published lead acid charge curve from 0"-100% is 12.0-12.9 volts. NEC 310.16 Table: Copper And Aluminum Wire Ampacity Chart, NEC 310.12 Table: Wire Sizes For 100-400 Amp Services (83% Rule), kWh To Therms Calculator + Conversion Chart (1 kWh = 0.03412 Therms), MMBTU To Therms Calculator + Chart (1 MMBTU = 10 Therms), Therms To MMBTU Calculator + Chart (1 Therm = 1/10 MMBTU), AWG To Circular Mils Chart (For 4/0 AWG To 20 AWG). Given every thing fine automative battery graveti explain detail. BU-1109: Links to Cadex website and Battery University. 6V AGM Performance Charts. 2. Coulomb counting is like balancing the check book. air), Latent Heat (BTU/hr) = 0.69 x CFM x gr. BU-304: Why are Protection Circuits Needed? Note: If testing specific gravity (deep-cycle flooded/wet batteries), when drawing a sample from the battery, fill and drain the hydrometer several times first before settling upon a measurement. I really wonder how AH-counting process works? Thanks Ken. Does anyone has a good solution to realize it? 90% 37.86 BU-802c: How Low can a Battery be Discharged? Porous plates have a higher surface area, which is great at first, but the deep crevices get sulfate buildup faster and thus reducing the surface area for the exchange of electrons. Site by, BU-804c: Water Loss, Acid Stratification and Surface Charge, BU-603: How to Calibrate a Smart Battery. This approach has the unintended benefit of prolonging battery bank life. 30% 35.43 But keeps getting lower and lower and SG getting lower as well. A 12-volt battery is a term used to distinguish between different types of batteries. Battery is recovering after removing a load. 12.85+. 0000001961 00000 n Can you suggest what might be causing this? 12V flooded lead acid batteries are fully charged at around 12.64 volts and fully discharged at around 12.07 volts (assuming 50% max depth of discharge). They said they were good and the SG was over 1.275 when I picked them up. I put this much in and therefore I should be able to take the same amount out?? Comparison of Battery State-of-Chart to Open Circuit Voltage for 12-Volt Batteries % Charge FLA Gel AGM; 100: 12.70-12.60: 12.95-12.85: 12.90 . The full 100Ah is certainly usable, so that makes 12 x 100 = 1,200 Watt-hour in energy storage, or $1 per Wh in usable energy storage. When batteries are in series they do not necessarily charge at the same rate and can become imbalanced. Set the meter on DC voltage and connect the red lead to the positive terminal and the black lead to the negative terminal. Improvements have been made by also taking aging and temperature-based self-discharge into consideration but periodic calibration is still recommended to bring the digital battery in harmony with the chemical battery.(See BU-603: How to Calibrate a Smart Battery). I really wonder how AH-counting process works? This is driving me crazier, don't know if I'm over charging, under or just lost. I hope I was useful. However, the minute you apply a load to it, the voltage plummets and nothing happens. In essence, we are like ranchers trying to keep our herd of electrons together, but there will always be those strays (parasitic losses) due to our ignorance, ego, or just plain laziness, which I would be the first to raise my hand and plea guilty. Set the low on voltage It's a good place to start, though. It is set to equalize every 30 days, however sometimes I have to do it more than that, to bring them all back to green. Your 13.2 reading is quite good. W2 Wire Thermostat Wiring (2nd Stage), Thermostat Wire Color Codes For 3-8 Wire Thermostats (Color-By-Color), How Many Therms Of Gas Per Month Is Normal? As a general rule of thumb, a 12 volt battery should read between 13.2 and 13.8 volts when it's fully charged. Parallel Connection in parallel. The battery was about 4 years old and would not hold a full charge. I can't seem to find anything on the net about this, but it is intuitive for me for them to have a relation, as the chemical reactions occur which also change the SG. 0000008830 00000 n Hey there, for this circuit here: **broken link removed** (a 12v SLA battery monitor) I need to know the maximum and minimum voltages of the battery I'm using (essentially its voltage when fully charged and its voltage when flat). They ' re a great ascent from 12V lead acid batteries . What is the manufacturing difference between C20 deep cycle battery and C10 solar battery?? even after discharge the ocv reduces momentarily but again the ocv goes upto 13.0v. 24V Lead Acid Batteries Chart (Sealed and Flooded) Calcium, an additive that makes the battery maintenance-free, raises the voltage by 58 percent. Please suggest. Also its conversion efficiency counts significantly towards how much youll use to charge a phone. The aim was then to design a battery indicator with the following specifications: - LED Display. But the chart above will provide a general view for state of charge. 12V Flooded Battery Charging Voltage A lead acid battery is typically charged between 13.6 and 14.4 volts. Near-daily articles on a wide variety of prepping & preparedness topics that you might find interesting or helpful. As long as you dont need to measure current (feature in next model up), this one does all the rest. . 12V 100Ah LiFePO4 batteries are presently some of the most popular for off-grid solar office systems. %PDF-1.6 % Is there any relationship between the pH of the acid and the specific gravity? We recommend posting your question in the comment sections for the Battery University Group (BUG) to share. Note that a fully dead battery has 10.5 volts of resting charge. A 12-volt battery has six individual 2-volt cells that contain positive (+) plates and negative (-) plates that create electrical current. Reply. A fully-charged 12-volt battery, allowed to "rest" for a few hours (or days) with no load being drawn from it (or charge going to it), will balance out its charge and measure about 12.6 volts between terminals. I understand the weaknesses of using voltage and SG to estimate SOC. For batteries used mainly to start cars, its best to not use more than 10% much less than 50% quoted for other batteries of its reserve capacity before recharge to keep the battery in good shape. A fully charged 12-volt battery produces at least 12.66 volts. Temperature is another variable that alters the specific gravity reading. AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) Lead-Acid Battery State of Charge Chart Select Battery or Battery Pack Voltage 12 Volt Battery 24 Volt Battery Pack 36 Volt Battery Pack 48 Volt Battery Pack 60 Volt Battery Pack AGM lead-acid batteries are used on practically all electric scooters, bikes, and go karts. (State-By-State Chart), How To Convert Therms To kWh? Specifically, I plan to add an option to keep my USB charger powered when the car is off, but dont want to risk flattening the battery. The batteries are 3 years old costco interstates. Figure 5 demonstrates the test results of impedance spectroscopy after a parasitic load of 50A is removed from the battery. In that case use use the following chart, which compensates for . A device that produces and stores electrical energy as a result of a chemical reaction. RV Battery Voltage Overview: air). Went 8 days without using the generator and now well into my next 8 days. endstream endobj 228 0 obj <. Tail Current. This means that the battery must NOT be under load and it must NOT be charging. In version 4.4 of the app, Tesla added the ability to view how many miles or kWhs your car has charged in a recent charging session. Record the reading. Number Of Cycles vs Depth Of Discharge Graph State of Charge Chart Float Charge Voltage vs Temperature APPLICATION & USE GUIDES . The below chart (Table 2a) is to be used in situations of full-time regular daily cycling (ex. 0000001934 00000 n . We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. The resting voltage of a fully charged lead acid battery is generally ~12.7 12.8v. To put this in perspective, when this battery was discharged at 2X - 2.5X your average cruising boat . CANNOT Can AGM batts be de-sulfated? Opening the car door applies a parasitic load of about 20A that agitates the battery and falsifies voltage-based SoC measurement. A complete chart for a 12 volt Lead Acid Battery State of Charge for Resting, Discharging, Charging and both Charging and Discharging. Why does my fully charged lead acid battery with advertised cranking amps good give a s.g. reading of 1120 to 1150 ? Set your meter to DC volts. Laptops, medical equipment and other professional portable devices use coulomb counting to estimate SoC by measuring the in-and-out-flowing current. How often do you start the car or use charger to recharge? pls, I want to ask I have a project Im working on which will run concurrently on battery (12v 200ah deep circle battery). Measuring and knowing the SOC of a battery or battery-bank is useful when applying towards alternative energy, or any other situation where you need to know its condition. Will the Reusable Alkaline Battery have a Future? The name coulomb was given in honor of Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (17361806) who is best known for developing Coulombs law(See BU-601: How does a Smart Battery Work? However, all communication must be done with the use of appropriate language and the avoidance of spam and discrimination. That said, if you let it rest for 24 hours with no load on it, the voltage reading will give you a pretty good idea. How Much Does 500 Watts Cost Per Hour? Thanks. A fully charged car battery has 12.6 volts. The text says reducing the SG reduces the energy capacity but can anyone speak to the reduction in power capacity of slight reductions of the SG in starter batteries, i.e. For maintenance-free batteries, we recommend you use an . I have a .6Amp/14.4V smart charger. ust plain laziness, which I would be the first to raise my hand and plea guilty. AGM batteries are designed to require 14.6v - 14.8v when performing a full charge from a state of discharge, whereas standard lead acid batteries need 13.8v - 14.4v, hence this is what most onboard chargers are designed to deliver - not the 14.6v - 14.8v that AGM requires. A fully charged 12-volt battery shows a total read of 12.6; if it shows anywhere in between 12.4 to 12.8, then your battery health is perfect. 24V Lead Acid Battery Voltage Charts 24V Sealed Lead Acid Batteries (AGM & Gel) Printable Chart 24V Flooded Lead Acid Batteries Printable Chart Notes Ideal charging temperatures: 0C - 40C (32F - 104F) NOTE: Use the highlighted voltage set points when charge equipment is supplied with a temperature sensor. If required, add . - Adjustable maximum voltage level. 227 25 Hi, guys. Capacity or Nominal Capacity (Ah for a specific C-rate) - The coulometric capacity, the total Amp-hours available when the battery is discharged at a certain discharge current (specified as a C-rate) from 100 percent state-of-charge to the cut-off voltage. State of Charge vs Battery Bank Voltage With these 4 voltage charts, you should now have full insight into the lead-acid battery state of charge at different voltages. While this characteristic is desirable as an energy source, it presents a challenge for voltage-based fuel gauging as it only indicates full charge and low charge; the important middle section cannot be estimated accurately.
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